Australia’s NBN, pretty much a combination of fibre optics to a few selected areas, the rest of the infrastructure, depending on funding to use degridated copper at excessive distances, Hybrid Fibre Coaxial, fixed wireless and Satellite. Couple that with ACMA and various legislative restrictions, you start to establish a cacophony of emerging technology and some implementations of VDSL.
https://www.reddit.com/r/australia/comments/4g12e3/nbn_be_aware_guys